Peer-reviewed research on creatine, protein and sweetening systems — read, charted and translated into what it means for a formulator. Every claim traced back to its PubMed source.
A 2026 multilevel meta-analysis pooled 170 outcomes from 424 women in training. Creatine gave a small effect, Hedges g 0.23, at low certainty. What that means...
24 Sep 2026 · 9 min
A Bayesian network meta-analysis of 36 trials ranked seven protein sources for lean mass. Whey led at +1.24 kg; the blend node came fifth, on three...
22 Sep 2026 · 10 min
Two 2026 meta-analyses find creatine raises serum creatinine by about 0.14 mg/dL, which drags creatinine-based eGFR down. Directly measured filtration did not move.
17 Sep 2026 · 10 min
A 2026 network meta-analysis of 235 trials ranked whey plus resistance training first for muscle mass in older adults. The pairwise effect sizes are far smaller....
15 Sep 2026 · 13 min
Seven randomised trials, 608 women, a median of 38 weeks. Pooled: +0.37 kg of lean mass and +7.5 kg on leg-press 1RM — but only at...
15 Sep 2026 · 7 min